English Grammar
The syllabus names "basic English grammar: tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech".
GA · Short notes
General Aptitude short notes
16 short notes in syllabus order, about 153 minutes to read end to end.
Grammar and usage
Vocabulary, idioms and phrases
Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
The official syllabus asks for "basic vocabulary: words, idioms, and phrases in context". The two words that matter are basic and in context.
Reading comprehension and narrative sequencing
Narrative Sequencing
A set of four to six sentences in jumbled order, labelled with letters such as P, Q, R, S (possibly with the first or last sentence fixed), is to be put in the order that makes a coherent paragraph. A related task is to find a sentence that does not belong, or to say where a given sentence fits.
Reading Comprehension
A short passage, which may be a single paragraph, is followed by items on what it states, what it implies, what its main point is, what a word means in it, or which statement it supports. The answer is decided by the passage, not by what the reader knows or believes about the topic.
Ratios, percentages, powers and logarithms
Powers, Exponents and Logarithms
A power a^n is repeated multiplication; an exponent is the number that says how many times; a logarithm is the exponent written as the answer.
Ratios and Percentages
A dimensionless ratio compares like quantities by division after converting their units; a percentage is a ratio whose second term is fixed at 100.
Counting, series, statistics and probability
Elementary Statistics and Probability
Elementary statistics summarises a list of numbers by a centre (mean, median, mode) and a spread (range, variance, standard deviation). Elementary probability measures how likely an event is, usually as a ratio of counts or as a product of the probabilities of successive steps.
Permutations and Combinations
To count arrangements or selections without listing them, use two principles (add for "or", multiply for "and then") and two questions about the objects: does order matter, and is repetition allowed.
Number and Letter Series
A sequence of terms is given, and the task is to find the next term, a missing term, the term that breaks the pattern, or the sum of many terms. Two methods apply. The first is algebraic: the arithmetic and geometric progressions and the standard sums, where the answer follows from a formula.
Data interpretation
Data Interpretation
A table, bar chart, pie chart, line graph, scatter plot or map-like grid displays numbers. A value is then read from the display, or computed from the values read: a growth rate, a share, a ratio, an average, or the category that satisfies a condition.
Geometry and mensuration
Mensuration and Geometry
Mensuration is the measurement of lengths, areas and volumes; the geometry it needs is a short list of facts about angles, triangles, circles and polygons. A figure or a description is given, and the task is a length, an area, a volume or a ratio of two of these.
Deduction, induction, analogy and numerical reasoning
Analogy
An analogy is a pair of items in some relation, A : B, together with a third item C; the task is to find the item D that stands in the same relation to C: A : B :: C : D. The items can be words, numbers, letter groups or figures.
Logic: Deduction and Induction
An argument gives premises and claims that a conclusion follows from them. Deduction claims that the conclusion follows necessarily: if the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false.
Numerical Relations and Reasoning
Puzzles solved by combining small facts about order, position or number: seating, ages, directions, clocks and calendars, inequality chains and digit conditions, each with a disciplined representation and the arithmetic facts it relies on.
Spatial aptitude: transformations, folding and patterns
Paper Folding, Cutting and Patterns
The tasks are to say what a sheet looks like after it is folded, punched or cut and then opened, how many figures of a kind are hidden in a pattern, and how a flat net folds into a cube or how a painted cube looks after it is cut.
Transformation of Shapes
A figure may be translated, rotated, flipped or resized, or several figures may be the same shape in different positions. The official syllabus lists translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling and grouping.